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GRAND WINTER EXCURSIONS 

— TO 

THE AZORES, MADEIRA, THE 

MEDITERRANEAN and the ORIENT 










MEDITERRANEAN EXPRESS LINE. 

New York — Gibraltar — Algiers — Naples — Genoa 
New York — Alexandria, Egypt. 

Copyright, /oi;/, by 
EMIL /.. BOAS, General Passenger Manager Hamburg- American Line 



THE HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE'S 

GR-A.ND WINTER EXCURSIONS 
to the AZORES, MADEIRA, 

the MEDITERRANEAN and THE ORIENT. 



T ] 



HIS Company's grand winter excursions to the Mediter- 
ranean and the Orient by its magnificent twin-screw ex- 
press steamers have now become a permanent feature. They 
have been patronized by the best class of the traveling public 
and have given universal satisfaction. We append a few 
letters sent us voluntarily by prominent people expressing the 
great pleasure they derived from such an excursion. 

For next year, two excursions are planned to leave New York 
at the end of January. To meet a wish frequently expressed, 
the trip across the Atlantic will be broken by a visit to Ponta 
Delgada on San Miguel, one of the Azores Islands, and to 
Funchal on Madeira. This extension of the tour will no doubt 
be generally appreciated. 

The itinerary will be as follows : 

From New York to Ponta Deigada (Azores), 

Funchal (Madeira), 

Gibraltar, 

Algiers, 

Genoa, 

Villefranche (Nice), 

Malta, 

xandria (for Cairo and the Pyramids), 
THE LIBRAR¥# fa ( for Jerusalem), 
OF CONGRES^™ 



WASHINGTO 



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nstantinople, 

hens, 

ssina, 

lermo, 
Naples, 
Genoa, 
Gibraltar, 
New York. 

It will be seen that this excursion embraces the principal 
places of a region whose every inch of soil abounds with stirr- 

2 



ing reminiscences of ancient lore and history, regions rich 
with magnificent monuments of past grandeur and countless 
treasures of art. 

To be able to make this unique excursion on board a palatial 
ocean liner like one of the Hamburg-American Line's Express 
Steamers, free from all the annoyances inseparable from hotels, 
railways, small boats, custom houses, packing and unpacking 
of baggage, transfers, etc., etc., will no doubt appeal at once 
to all American travelers able to undertake the trip. No way 
can be conceived of visiting the far-famed places with greater 
safety, speed and comfort. It is the ideal method of seeing 
foreign countries and observing strange manners and customs 
without giving up one's own habits and comforts. The ex- 
cursion will last about sixty-five days, but passengers have the 
privilege of leaving the excursion at Genoa, if they desire to 
prolong their stay in Europe, and return from Hamburg or 
Southampton to New York, by any of the express steamers 
of the Hamburg-American Line, up to August i, 1895. 

For rates of fare and further information about these excur- 
sions, we refer to special price list, which will be sent to any 
address on application. 

The express steamers of the Hamburg-American Line are 
the largest ships of the German Merchant Marine and are unsur- 
passed for safety, speed and comfort. They are constructed 
upon the principle of the twin-screw system, having two in- 
dependent engines, each of 6,500 to 8,000 horse-power, divided 
by a longitudinal bulk-head, which separates the ship into two 
non-communicating halves, each fully equipped with engines, 
boilers, shaft and screw. Each side is again subdivided into 
numerous water-tight compartments. There is also a double 
bottom with water-tight chambers. These steamers belong 
to the fastest ships afloat, the line holding the record for the 
best time between the European Continent, Southampton and 
New York, having made the passage from New York to South- 
ampton in the remarkably short time of six days, ten hours 
and fifty-five minutes. This is equal to about five days 
eighteen hours to Queenstown, the Southampton route 
being about 300 miles longer. The arrangements for the 
passenger's comfort on these steamers are considered perfect. 

The Company s illustrated pamphlet describing these 
steamers, as well as a little pocket-handbook for European 
Tourists, containing valuable information, will be sent free 
to a?iy address on application. 



TEST1H0NIAL. 

On Board the Furst Bismarck, April 4, 1SQ4. 

The passengers of the Furst Bismarck of the Hamburg- 
American Line, on the excursion to the Mediterranean and 
the Orient, on the fourth day of April, 1894, adopt the follow- 
ing: 

The close of a voyage of ten weeks being upon us, we cannot 
separate without expressing to Captain A. Albers, commander 
of the Furst Bismarck, our admiration of his qualities as an 
officer and a man. 

Nothing has been left undone by him and his efficient staff 
of officers to make the journey safe and pleasant in every par- 
ticular. We also desire to express our thanks for that atten- 
tion, general and personal, which has been so constant and so 
perfect that it has made us feel as if we were one large family. 

We regret that the time of parting has come when the last 
good-bye must be said. May God bless and protect the officers 
of this great steamship and may the Furst Bismarck be ever 
as staunch and fortunate as it has been while our home. 

Resolved, that this memorial be engrossed under the direc- 
tion of a committee of passengers consisting of E. C. Benedict, 
F. D. Tappen, and O. H. Armour, and presented to Captain 
Albers at the earliest convenient date. 

E. C. Benedict. F. D. Tappen. 

H. O. Armour. James W. Scott. 



SPECiriENS OF LETTERS FROil PASSENGERS. 

Office of E. C. BENEDICT & CO., 29 Broad Street. 
New York, July 2T, i8q4. 

Hamburg-American Line, 37 Broadway, N. Y. Dear Sirs: 
As chairman of the Committee which drew up the resolutions 
embodied in the testimonial to Captain Albers, and presented 
to him by the passengers on board the Furst Bismarck, on 
her recent trip to the Mediterranean, I may say that while we 
were only at liberty to speak of him and his efficient staff of 
officers, the Committee were unanimous in according to your 
Company the highest praise for affording us all the safety, 
comforts and even luxuries to be found on any sea-going ves- 
sel. The resolutions speak of the passengers feeling "as if 
they were one large family." I think I may safely add, that 

4 



on their return to the ship from short visits on shore, they all 
felt as if they were at home again. 

It will not be disputed, I think, that the countries bordering 
on the Mediterranean are by far the most interesting portions 
of the globe. Until recently the occasional tourist there has 
encountered great delays, discomforts and privations, and 
even then felt well repaid ; but the facilities now afforded by 
your Company enables even the weary, aged or invalid trav- 
eler (several of whom were fellow passengers with us ) to make 
the trip with expedition and every comfort to be found at sea. 

I know it is never safe to prophesy, but I venture to predict 
that when the fashion you have inaugurated for making the 
Oriental trip becomes better known, as it soon will be, your 
Company will be wholly unable to furnish the accommodations 
demanded of it. Very sincerely yours, 

E. C. Benedict. 



GALLATIN NATIONAL BANK. 

New ] 'or,':, July zj, iSq 4 . 

Hamburg American Line, 37 Broadway, N. Y. Dear Sirs: 
It afforded me great pleasure to serve on the Committee which 
made the presentation of the testimonial recently presented 
to Captain Albers of the Furst Bismarck, and I can person- 
ally testify to the uniform courtesy and kind attention he ex- 
hibited toward the passengers of the ship, during her last voy- 
age to the Orient. 

I know of no more charming and instructive way of passing 
a winter vacation of ten weeks, than these Oriental trips, on 
so commodious and staunch a ship as the Furst Bismarck. 
Very truly yours, F. D. Tappen. 



THE CHICAGO HERALD, James W. Scott, Publisher. 
Chicago, III., July 12, iSqj. 

Hamrurg-American Line, 37 Broadway, N. Y. Dear Sirs: — 
It gives me great pleasure to say that of all the excursions I 
have ever made none has equalled in profit or pleasure the one 
on the Furst Bismarck to the Orient. I can make, after these 
months since my return, no suggestions in the way of improve- 
ment in the conduct of the steamer or the treatment of its pas- 
sengers. The pleasure to be derived from the trip, great as it 
is at the time that the voyage is in progress, is many time? 

5 



greater in the delightful memories of the countries visited; the 
satisfaction with which news in the papers from that part of 
the world is read, and the avidity with which books and ma- 
gazines relating to those countries visited are purchased as 
soon as published. As time goes on, the trip becomes greater 
in my mind, and it is only the fact that I have yet to visit so 
much of the world, that prevents me from having my name 
entered as a passenger for another season. The friendships 
made upon the steamer were no small feature of the trip, and 
the unanimity with which all the passengers I have seen praise 
your company and its officers, is something most remarkable. 
Yours very truly, James W. Scott. 



H. O. ARMOUR & CO., 201 Produce Exchange. 
New York, July 11, iSg4. 

Hamburg-American Line, N. Y. Dear Sirs: — I speak, from 
the experience of one of the most delightful outings it was ever 
my lot to enjoy, when I say it ought to be a source of gratifica- 
tion to know that you propose sending next winter two steam- 
ers on similar trips to that taken by the "Bismarck" last 
winter. 

The trip afforded entertainment and profit, and the courtesy 
shown us and comforts provided on board your ship were not 
to be excelled. I can unhesitatingly recommend your excur- 
sions. Yours truly, H. O. Armour. 



FLOWER & CO., 52 Broadway and 5 Exchange Court. 
New York, July /<?, iSq4. 

Hamburg-American Line. Dear Sirs: — I desire to say a 
few words to encourage your company in keeping up their 
winter excursions, which I trust will prove profitable: 

There is no voyage that can compare with the one 1 took on 
the Furst Bismarck last spring; and I am advising all my 
friends to go next winter. A private yacht could not have 
afforded us the comfort we had on your splendid ship; the 
cuisine, service, orchestra, and the general arrangements, were 
all most excellent ; and I never heard a word of complaint from 
any one of the most congenial company on board. 

I shall always look back upon my trip on the Furst Bismarck 
as the one of my life. Very truly yours, A. R. Flower. 

6 



Office of LAMBERT TREE, 70 La Salle Street. 
Chicago, 111., July rj, 1SQ4. 

Hamburg-American Line, 37 Broadway, N. Y. Dear Sirs: — 
The excursion was a most delightful one, and nothing could 
exceed the sleepless vigilance as well as the kind attention of 
Captain A 1. hers and the officers under his command, for the 
safety and comfort of the passengers throughout the whole 
voyage. 

As to the ship, I can say that I never went to sea in one 
that was more comfortable, or that behaved better in rough 
weather. Very truly yours, Lambert Tree. 



WILLIAM D. WALKER, Bishop of North Dakota. 
Cordova, Spain, April 25, 18Q4. 

Hamburg-American Line, 37 Broadway, N. Y. Dear Sirs: — 
I think it will be interesting to you to know that Bishop Perry 
has written some letters for the press in the city of Davenport, 
Iowa, in which he speaks very warmly of the trip we have made 
in your magnificent steamer, as well as of the splendid service 
in every department of the ship. 

I understand these letters are to appear in his Diocesan 
paper, which is read by hundreds upon hundreds of the clergy 
of the Episcopal Church in every part of the United States, as 
well as by thousands of the laity. He and I are so thoroughly 
pleased with the treatment we have received from all who could 
render service — from the Captain down to the least steward on 
the Furst Bismarck — and with our tour on that ship, that we 
will be always glad to bear our testimony regarding it all. 
Yours sincerely, William D. Walker, 

Bishop of North Dakota. 




Description of the Tour, 



The route from New York to the Azores is south of the 
latitude of New York, Ponta Delgada being in latitude 37° 
45' N. By this route the rigor of a passage across the North 
Atlantic in winter is entirely avoided. The trip from New 
York occupies only about six days. 

ffiHo oS4 <2nr£Q* Tms g rou P of islands, lying in the 
VJ l(V SAipUl^O* Atlantic about 800 miles west of the 
coast of Portugal, was discovered early in the fifteenth 
century, and San Miguel and Sta. Maria were the first to be 
settled, about 60 years before the voyage of Columbus. The 

name is derived from afor, 



E^fe : ^3Q 



Oraciosa £ 5, 



rtZORE-5 



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a hawk peculiar to the is- 
lands. The steamer touches 
at Ponta Delgada on San 
Miguel, which presents a 
beautiful picture as it rises 
on a gentle slope from the 
sea, surrounded by orange 
I plantations and overshadow- 
| ed by sharply serrated vol- 
canic peaks. 

The climate is mild and 
equable, extremes of temperature being unknown. It never 
freezes, even during the rainy season, nor does the mercury 
ever rise above 85 in summer. The soil is extremely fertile 
and any plant of both spheres will grow here. Agriculture is 
pursued with much industry, women also laboring in the 
fields, but the implements used are of a primitive character. 
Donkeys and horses are scarce, and the means of transporta- 
tion are the human head and small carts drawn by diminutive 
cattle ; the wheels are solid and give out horrible squeaks and 
groans, but this doleful accompaniment seems to give pleasure 
to man and beast. 

Ponta Delgada is regularly laid out and neatly kept, the 
streets are underdramed and well paved, the roads into the 
country are macadamized and afford excellent driveways. 

The architecture of the town is quaint, and arches -nd 
towers abound. There is an imposing cathedral of grand pro- 
portions but with a simple belfry. But the glory of San Miguel 
are its orange plantations, which spread over the whole island. 



Fridays and Sundays are market-days and offer an excellent 
opportunity for observing all classes of the population. The peo- 
ple then collect in their holiday attire to buy, sell or exchange 
their wares. The men are handsome, and the black-eyed, 
olive-hued girls of a piquant beauty that is very attractive. 

M^rloirA Neither language nor pencil can exaggerate 
I laU^UGl* the beauty f th i s> t he finest of the Atlantic 
isles. In climate it may well be reckoned among the Isles 
of the Blest. Madeira lies between the 33d and 33d de- 
gree of latitude and be- 
longs to Portugal. The is- 
land rises from the sea in 
magnificent outline, with 
lofty precipices and vast de- 
tached rocks of fantastic 
shapes, the peaks being 
grouped like the bastions 
and pinnacles of a gigantic 
fortress. The capital of 
Madeira is Funchal, a port 
much frequented by steam- 
ers and sailing vessels 
bound to or from the west 
coast of Africa. 

The town lies on a slope 
of extraordinary abruptness, rent into three divisions by two 
gorges with almost vertical walls. At the head of these 
ravines, peaks 4,000-5,000 feet high appear, while a spur of 
the mountains is crowned by a gray old castle, formerly 
strongly fortified. 

Funchal is well-built, clean and prosperous ; the streets, how- 
ever, are narrow and intricate and architecture as an aesthetic 
art has been almost neglected. There is a cathedral, the Se, 
pleasing in its general plan, with a beautifully carved, tinted 
and gilded nave and transept. But if art has done little for 
Funchal, nature has made ample compensation. Many of the 
solid but unpretentious houses conceal rare attractions within 
their gates, revealed like magic upon entering. There are 
terraced gardens overlooking the ocean and the mountains, 
stocked with the profuse vegetation of two zones. On this 
enchanted isle neither the frost of winter nips its buds, nor 
the heat of summer fades its hues, and perennial verdure 
greets the eye. The palm, the pine, the cypress and the 

9 




magnolia, the pomegranate, the apple, the walnut, the banana, 
the guava and the coffee-tree present the different climes, 
while the oleander, the geranium, the hortensia, the heliotrope, 
the jessamine and many other flowers of brilliant colors and 
spicy odors grow wild in vast quantities and clamber over 
trellis and wall. The vine was first introduced from Cypress 
in the fifteenth century, and quickly became one of the most 
important products of the island, the red volcanic soil giving 
the flavor which brought it into world-wide repute. 

On account of the steepness of all the roads there are almost 
no wheeled vehicles on Madeira, sledges drawn by oxen tak- 
ing their place. The driver carries a grease bag which he 
lays at intervals in front of the runners. Another conveyance 
peculiar to Funchal is the hammock carried on men's shoulders. 
The coasting-sled is also in general use, and there is probably 
no other place in the world where business men may be seen 
every day going to their office, sliding down hill on a sled. 
The coasters often glide down with frightful speed, but are 
well controlled by the dexterous movements of the guide's feet. 

Many interesting excursions may be made from Funchal, 
offering beautiful views of sea and mountain-scenery. The 
fields in Madeira are mere narrow shelves on the mountain 
sides, which are terraced as high up as 3,000 feet, involving an 
amount of labor and climbing almost beyond belief. Men and 
women alike travel all day up and down these steep ascents 
bearing heavy loads on the head at a quick gait and with no 
other aid than a stout staff, and merrily they do it too, without 
signs of fatigue and singing as they go. 

G^rl hrr}1"fr\T% ^^ e straits of Gibraltar are entered off Cape 
\311JI GV1 IGU ♦ Trafalgar, where the shores of Europe and 

Africa gradually approach _ 

each other, until at Tarifa [ 
they are only twelve miles | 
distant. Across to the right 
rise the low hills of Africa, 
Tangier being plainly visible 
on a clear day. Soon the 
great rock, which has been 
turned into the famous fort- 
ress of Gibraltar, rises ma- 
jestically from the sea and 
captivates the eye. This 
rock, outwardly so harmless 




in appearance, is all undermined and tunneled Math wonderful 
ingenuity and at enormous expense. It contains over 2,000 
cannon; in time of peace 5, coo English soldiers arc stationed 
here, but there are stores and water-cisterns which would 
supply a garrison of 150,000 men during two years. The 
fortifications and tunneled galleries may be inspected by visitors 
upon permit from the military secretary's office. The highest 
point, 1,430 feet above the level of the sea, is called the Signal, 
"El Hacho," and the panorama from this eagle's eyrie is un- 
rivaled, the eye sweeping over two seas and two quarters of 
the world. The extreme end of the rock facing the sea is 
" Europa Point," crowned by a light-house and defended by 
strong batteries. 

The pride of Gibraltar is the Alameda, which is laid out in 
charming style and commands fine views of the Straits and 
coast of Africa. The Alameda is the fashionable lounge, and 
the spectacle presented by the contrast of populations at this 
extreme point of Europe, is 
novel and curious. The latest 
London bonnet is seen side 
by side with the mantilla de 
tiro ; blue eyes and rosy com- 
plexions, next melting black 
eyes and olive-dark skin. 



sAlf 



iers. 




PLACE DU GOUVERNEMENT, ALGIE 



the capital of 
') La Nouvelle 
France, offers a beautiful 
panorama as it rises in steep 
terraces from the well shel- 
tered bay, which is hardly 
inferior to that of Naples. 
Algiers has of late become 
a great resort for invalids and the delicate to winter in, 
on account of the lovely climate, which from October to 
March is as warm as an English summer, but, besides, it 
offers sights of absorbing interest to the tourist. There are 
Oriental ways and customs, beautiful specimens of Moorish 
and Byzantine architecture, and remains of antiquity of rare 
significance. Though in part a French town, it has a motley 
population of Arabs, Berbers, Turks, Moors, Bedouins, Ne- 
groes and Maltese, and its streets offer queer spectacles of 
all kinds, especially on market-days, when there are crowds 
of men, women and children, bartering, watching the snake- 

ti 



charmer or listening to the oft-told tales of the story-teller. 
Then the caravans arrive from the interior, lines of heavily 
laden camels, and rows of donkeys. 





KABYLE CHILDREN, ALGERIA. 



BEDOUIN, ALGERIA. 



The French quarter is down in the lower part of the city, 
where a broad macadamized boulevard runs for miles along 
the bay, bounded on one side by fine private houses, splen- 
did hotels, etc., and on the other by a stone balustrade. This 

promenade is much frequented 
by the elegant world of Algiers, 
gathering in front of the numer- 
ous cafes, and enjoying the 
view which is indeed unrivaled. 
One of the beautiful suburbs, 
Mustapha Superieure, contains 
the Palace of the Governor, built 
in Moorish style and surround- 
ed by magnificent gardens. 

The Old Town has curious 
native streets, some not more 
than four feet wide, and fear- 
fully steep. It is clean and pic- 
turesque, abounding in speci- 
mens of Moorish architecture, 
in shops and bazaars; and 
surmounted by the old Kasbah (citadel) at the top. There 
is a fish market with all kinds of Mediterranean fish of most 




STREET IN ALGIERS. 



4 




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brilliant colors. Fresh grapes, green peas and new potatoes ; 

dates, bananas and oranges are plentiful all the winter season. 
Of the mosques, the oldest is Djama-el-Kebir (the Great) of 

the tenth century. There is also a cathedral, formerly a 

mosque, with the Archbishop's palace, an old Moorish edifice. 

The roads are excellent, 
and excursions should be 
made to the Roman anti- 
quities of Cherchell, ancient 
Csesarea, the Mauritanian 
capital, destroyed by the 
Vandals, and to Hammam 
Belnan, one of the valuable 
hot mineral baths, or ham- 
mams, which abound here. 
An excursion into the sur- 
rounding country will give 
interior of an Arabian house, Algiers. an idea of the great fertility 

of the land and the luxuriance of its vegetation. Every inch 

of ground is cultivated, and olive, fig and orange groves 

abound. A visit to Blidah, 

a town about one hour by ^ 

rail from the city, at the foot 

of the Atlas Mountains, will 

show the traveler that this 

part of Algiers is not a 

colony in the proper sense 

of the term, but a rich and 

industrious province. Near 

Blidah is the magnificent 

gorge of the river Chiffa, 

well worth a visit for its 

own sake as well as on ac- arab camp near Algiers. 

count of the large number of monkeys that 
live there wild, crowding the trees and 
amusing the visitors with their antics. The 
races in Algeria present many curious feat- 
ures, among them camel-races. 

(rrPfiOA* ^^ e s i tuat i° n °f Genoa, ris- 
ing above the sea in a wide 
semicircle, and its numerous palaces, 
justly entitle it to the epithet "La 
Superba. " The beauty of its situation and 
13 





PORTA PILA, GENOA. 




PIAZZA ACQUAVERDE, GENOA. 



the interesting reminiscences of its ancient magnificence 
render a visit very attractive, especially to the traveler 

, who is visiting Italy for the 
first time. The architecture 
of the city is of an imposing 
character, particularly on ac- 
count of the palaces of the 
Genoese nobility, which ex- 
ceed in number and magni- 
ficence those of any other 
city of Italy. 

Genoa has over 210,000 
inhabitants, and is the chief 
commercial town of Italy. 
Of the many mansions of the Genoese nobility worth visiting 
we mention the Palazzi Rosso, Durazzo, Balbi and Doria, con- 
taining numerous works of art, Rubens and Van Dyck having 
contributed to preserve the memory of many members of 
these families. The Cathedral of San Lorenzo dates from 
the eleventh century and contains many precious relics. The 
Church of Sta. Maria in Carignano, is an imitation of Bra- 
man te's original plan of St. Peter's, in Rome, and remark- 
able for its harmonious proportions. There is a magnificent 
view from the gallery of the dome, embracing the city and 
harbor with its fortifications, the beautiful coast, the Riviera di 
Ponente to the west, and the Riviera di Levante to the east, 
and towards the south the vast blue expanse of the Mediter- 
ranean. Near the Piazza . 

Fontane Morose begins a | 
broad line of streets built 
in the sixteenth century, 
which form the chief ar- 
teries of frame and are lined 
with magnificent palaces 
and churches. On each 
side of these loftily situated 
streets a complete labyrinth 
of narrow lanes, containing, 
however, many interesting 
buildings, descend to the 
left to the harbor and ascend the hill on the right. A fine 
statue of Columbus, who is said to have been born at Co- 
goleto near Genoa, is on the Piazza Acquaverde. Other points 
of interest are the Campo Santo and the fine park of Acqua 

14 





Sola. ( )ne of the most charming drives is to PegH, where 
there are many fine villas, among them the Villa Pallavicini, 
with a beautiful garden well worth a prolonged visit. 

v)i11p*f rflflfbp ^ s a sma ^ town, whose roadstead has be- 
V Ulf | I Gtl l^l(c come famous. It is only two miles from 
Nice and seven miles from Monaco, which may be conveniently 
reached by train or boat. 
Most passengers, however, 
will prefer to leave the 
steamer at Genoa and 
make the trip to Nice by 
train or carriage along the 
celebrated Riviera, which 
is one of the most pictu- 
resque regions in Europe. 
The road passes extensive 
plantations of olives with 
their grotesque and gnarl- 
ed stems, alternating with 
bright green pine forests, NICE - 

while in the gardens by the way the luxuriant growth of figs, 
vines, oranges, lemons, oleanders and myrtles meets the view. 
At other places the highway winds around precipitous cliffs, 
washed by the surf of the Mediterranean and crowned with 

the venerable ruins of 

towers erected in bygone 

ages. Many of the towns 

are charmingly situated 

in highly cultivated plains 

or on picturesque hills, 

others are perched like 

nests among the rocks 

commanded by ancient 

strongholds. The charm 

monaco, with monte carlo. f t ft e sce nery is enhanced 

by the vast expanse of the beautiful Mediterranean sea, with 

its ever-varying hues, changing fror" the deepest blue to soft 

purple in the distance. 

On this route from Genoa many renowned winter-resorts are 
passed, among them Pegli, San Remo, Bordighera, Ventimig- 
lia, Mentone, "Monaco and Nice, the last being the most cel- 
ebrated resort in Southern France. The natural barrier of 
the Maritime Alps protects the coast here from northern winds 

15 




and produces the far-famed mildness of climate, which makes 
Nice and the other resorts of the Riviera the rendezvous of 
invalids and others from all parts of Europe, who seek refuge 
from the rigors of winter. The season at Nice begins with 
the races early in January and closes with a great regatta at 
the beginning of April. 

Mf\l*fr\> ^^ e steamer now crosses the Mediterranean and 
i vGUICa reaches Malta, another of the bulwarks of Eng- 
land's naval supremacy. The island rises precipitously from 
the sea in the form of a sterile rock and appears at first en- 
tirely destitute of vegetation, but through the indefatigable 
industry of its inhabitants most of the surface has been con- 
verted into luxuriantly fertile, arable land. The natives are 
a mixed race, being descendants of the various nations who 

have at different periods been 
masters of the island. Their 
language is a corrupt dialect 
of Arabic mingled with Ital- 
ian (lingua Maltese). 

Malta is supposed to be 
identical with the island of 
Ogygia mentioned by Homer 
where the nymph Calypso, 
whose cavern is still pointed 
out, enslaved Odysseus. 

La Valette, the capital of 
the island, was founded in 
MALTA - 1566 by Jean de la Valette, 

the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta, after the success- 
ful defense of the island against the Turks. The town rises 
in amphitheatrical form on a promontory, surrounded by 
deeply indented bays. The harbor, one of the best on the 
Mediterranean, is well sheltered and so defended as to be 
almost impregnable. The walk along the ramparts is most 
pleasant; they are adorned with numerous statues of Grand 
Masters and English Governors. The best point of view is 
the Baracca Nuova. 

The high white stone houses are built in the Italian and 
Moorish styles, with balconies in front and terraces at the top. 
The streets are very narrow and fearfully steep, rising from 
the harbor often by means of long flights of stairs to the ridge 
on which runs the Strada Reale, containing the best shops. 
The palace of the Governor, formerly the residence of the 
16 




Grand Master, is sumptuously fitted up and still contains many 
interesting objects, though the French plundered it of many of 
its treasures when Bonaparte, in 1798, on his way to Egypt, 
gained possession of the town through stratagem. It was 
captured by the English in 1800, after a siege of two years, 
and they have held it ever since. 

There are many handsome churches in Malta. The Church 
of St. John, built 1576, contains many monuments and rich 
tapestries; also a mosaic 
pavement of four hundred 
monumental slabs of col- 
ored marbles, jasper and 
agate. The Capuchin mum- 
my tombs of Floriana 
should be visited and the 
old inns of the Knights, 
now given up for public 
uses. 

Other sights are the Citta 
Vecchia, the old capital ; the 
Grotto and Catacombs of 
St. Paul ; Bingemma and its 
grotto tombs ; the Emtaleb strawberry gardens ; the Verdale 
Tower and the Inquisitor's house, with its caves and springs; 
Maculba, a circular depression, 130 feet deep; the Crendi 
Ruins; Hagiar Khem, a Phoenician stone pile 100 feet in dia- 
meter; the^Ghar Hasan Cave, and the Catacombs near Marfa. 




E CATACOMBS. 



"fr ^InvayiAria Since the close of the last 

eHlfAGUlUI I CI* century, when Egypt was 
in a great measure re-discovered by the French 
savants attached to Bonaparte's expedition, its 
historical and archaeological marvels have been 
m^M> gradually unveiled to the world, whose ever in- 
^Sjj creasing attention it has attracted. Egypt has 

the peculiar charm of the Oriental climate, the 
pompey-s pillar, singularly clear atmosphere, and the wonderful 
Alexandria. coloring and effects of light and shade, unknown 
in northern countries. The exuberant fertility of its cultivated 
districts contrasts sharply with the solemn, awe-inspiring- 
desert. Egypt awakens the profoundest interest as the cradle 
of the world and of human culture. At every step we en- 
counter venerable monuments which have survived the de- 
structive influences of thousands of years, and the vandalism 

17 




of invaders, and which being executed on the grandest scale 

•— ^~— ^^aarg T 77 "' IB an< ^ with the greatest artistic 
skill, cannot fail to excite our 
highest admiration The un- 
rivaled attractions of Egypt 
will supply the traveler with 
llt^r ■'"^•^W!^ r r&|' ! a subject of life-long inter- 

jj^^^^MjIluiLM^J^fl I est 

Alexandria in its palmy 

days is said to have num- 
bered over half a million 
inhabitants, at present it 
Alexandria. contains about 200,000 

souls. Shortly before entering the harbor we observe the 

palace of Ras-el-Tin and the celebrated light-house of Pharos. 
Almost the only important relic 

of antiquity in the city is Pompey's 

Pillar, a red granite shaft over 100 

feet in height. The monument which 

vied with it in general interest, 

was Cleopatra's Needle, which up 

to March, 1880, stood at Ramleh, 

about six miles from Alexandria. 

It was presented by the Khedive 

Ismail to the city of New York, and 

was raised by American machinery 

from the place it had occupied for 

2,000 years and conveyed to New 

York in a specially constructed 

vessel. 

The Catacombs, a little ways out 

of town, are also of interest. 

The railway takes passengers from Alexandria 
to Cairo in 4J4 hours. 




WATER CARRIER, ALEXANDRIA. 




Qaitoj 



MOSQUE OF KAIT 
BAY. CAIRO 



the residence of the Khedive, is the 
) largest city in Africa and has over 
400,000 inhabitants. The street scenes presented 
by the city of the Khahfs, afford an inexhaust- 
ible fund of amusement and delight, admirably 
illustrating the whole world of Oriental fiction, 
and producing an indelible impression on the 
uninitiated denizen of the West. What makes 
Cairo so romantic and novel is the contrast of 
18 




J 



YOUNG ARAB GIRL, EGYPT. 



civilized and barbarous scenes and incidents it presents, 
which recur everywhere in this capital of the desert. Cairo 
may be compared to a living museum of all imaginable and 
unimaginable phases of existence, of refinement "and degen- 
eracy, of civilization and barbar- 
ism, of knowledge and ignorance, 
of Paganism, Christianity and 
Mohammedanism. These mar- 
velous scenes cannot fail to strike 
everyone most forcibly. 

The Muski is the chief business 
thoroughfare. The busy traffic 
in this street often presents an 
interminable raveled and twist- 
ed string of men, women and 
animals, of walkers, riders and 
carriages of every description. 
Foreigners, ladies as well as 
gentlemen, may ride with per- 
fect safety through the midst of 
all this confusion, and they will 
often have opportunities of observing most picturesque and 
amusing scenes. The denseness of the crowd sometimes 
seems to preclude the possibility of farther progress, but the 
hammar, or donkey boy, is pretty sure to elbow a passage 
without much difficulty. 

The bazaars of Cairo, though inferior to those of Constantin- 
ople, present to the traveler so many novel features and so 
many interesting traits of hkh 
Oriental character, that he 

should endeavor to pay j i 

them repeated visits in or- 
der to become acquainted 
with their peculiarities. 
The handsomest shops, the 
principal cafes, palaces and 
theatres are on the Ezbe- 
kiyeh, a beautiful square 
of large proportions, with 
fine pleasure grounds in 
the centre. Cairo contains cairo. 

a large number of mosques in all stages of preservation ; the 
most important are the Garni Sultan Hassan or "Superb Mos- 
que," the finest existing monument of Arabian architecture, 




and the Garni Mohammed AH or "Alabaster Mosque," whose 
lofty and graceful minarets are so conspicuous from a dist- 





FELLAH WOMAN, EGYPT. 



ARAB WOMAN, EG/PT. 



ance as to form one of the landmarks of Cairo Many mosques 
contain the tombs of the Khalifs and Sultans who founded 
them. The Garni el-Azhar has been converted into a uni- 
versity which is now the most important in Mahometan ter- 





TOULOUN QUARTER, CAIRO. 



\RAB THEOLOGIANS, CAIRO. 



ritory. The Tombs of the Khalifs and the Tombs of the 
Mamelukes, although falling to ruins, are exceedingly inter- 




esting A visit to the ^Citadel should not be omitted. It 
affords a beautiful view of the city and its surroundings. 

The broad Shubra avenue 
toward the north is lined 
with beautiful sycamore 
trees, and is the "Rotten 
Row" of Cairo. 

The suburb of Bulak con- 
tains in its museum of 
Egyptian antiquities a mag- 
nificent collection, and en- 
tirely unrivaled of its kind. 
Excursions may be made 
from Cairo in various di- 
rections, all offering sights 
from cairo into the desert. of great interest. To the 

northeast of the city are the villages of Abbasiyeh, with its 
observatory and Khedival palace, and Matariyeh, with the 
Tree and Well of the Holy Virgin, who is said to 
have rested here during the flight to Egypt. A 
little beyond are situated the ruins of the famous 
ancient Heliopolis, the city of the sun, of which 
an obelisk and the outer wall are now the only 
vestiges. To the west of the city, on an island in 
the Nile, are the palace 
&nd park of Gezireh, well 
worth a visit. 

Gizeh, with its great 
Pyramids and theSphinx, 
is only one and a half 
hours distant from the 
city, but the visit may be combined 
with the excursion to the site of an- 
cient Memphis with the colossal stat- 
ue of Ramses II and to the Necro- 
polis of Sakkara with its Step-Pyra- 

W < ^ ! W f --ltf r - i mid> tbe Apis Tombs and the Mas - 

^bb£ ! taba of Ti, the most interesting and 

best preserved monument of its kind, 
containing sculptures of marvelous 
skill, and in an excellent state of 
preservation, considering their age of over 5,000 years. 

Another excursion may be made by railway to the baths of 
Helwan, an artificial oasis in the desert. Near it are the sub- 

21 





RELIEF OF CLEO- 
PATRA, TEMPLE 
OF HATHOR. 



:■■--'. 

BAZAAR IN CAIRO. 



terranean quarries cf Masaraand Tura which yielded the stone 
used in the construction of the pyramids. The time allotted 

for Alexandria and Cairo is r — 

sufficient to visit with ease 
all the points of greatest in- 
terest. 



M 



a- 




A blue range of 
hills in the dist- 
ance — the mountains of Ju- 
daea — a yellow beach and, 
lastly, the appearance of the 
town of Jaffa, rising on a hill 
like a fortified place, proclaim 

to the traveler that he is ap- sphinx and pyramids, egypt. 

proaching the most interesting country in the world — the 
"Holy Land." 

, The journey from Jaffa to 

; Jerusalem is now made by 
J rail in a few hours. At first 
sight many will be sadly dis- 
appointed in the Holy City, 
for it will seem as though 
little were left of the ancient 
City of Zion and Moriah. 
The present degraded as- 
pect of the place, where once 
the stupendous scenes were 
enacted which exercised so 
supreme an influence on re- 
ligious thought throughout the world, cannot fail to make a 
melancholic impression upon 
the traveler, but if he pen- 
etrates beneath the crust of 
rubbish which shrouds the 
sacred places from view, he 
will be able to realize to him- 
self a picture of the Jerusalem 
of antiquity. 

The first visit will be to the 
Haram esh-Sherif, one of the 
most profoundly interesting 
spots in the world. The leg- 
ends attaching to the "es-sakhra' 




'RAMID OF CHEO 




JAFFA GATE, JERUSALEM. 

stone, which forms 



the 




centre of the sanctuary, extend back to the remotest antiquity, 
and we may hence infer that this summit of Mount Zion or 
Moriah has' been consecrated to divine worship from time 
immemorial. So far back as the time of Abraham (Gen. 
XXII, 2), this appears to 
have been a place of sacri- 
fice, and this was also the 
site selected by Solomon for 
the erection of the Temple. 

Nearby is the Wailing 
Place of the Jews, a huge 
wall where the Jews repair 
on Fridays to bewail the 
downfall of Jerusalem, kiss- 
ing the stones and weeping. 
The traveler will next turn 
to the Church of the Sepul- Jerusalem. 

chre, to Golgatha, the Via Dolorosa, the Muristan (once a mon- 
astry founded by Charlemagne and now a hospital), the Church 
of St. Anne, the Citadel or City of David, and the monasteries 
of the different sects. A walk through the environs of the 
town leads to the chapel of the Tomb of the Virgin, the Gar- 
den of Gethsemane, the Mount of Olives, the Tombs of the 
Prophets, of the Kings and of the Judges, also to the Valley 
of the Kidron with the tombs of Absalom and Jehosaphat, 
the Pool of Siloah and Job's Well, the Valley of Hinnom with 
its rock-tombs and the Building of the Field of Blood. A ride 
of a little over an hour takes the traveler to Bethlehem, with 
the Church of St. Mary, erected over the traditional birthplace 
of Christ. . . 

Jericho on the Jordan and the Dead Sea may be visited by 
those who do not mind long rides on horseback, but altogether 
the sights do not compensate for the great fatigue and discom- 
forts that cannot be avoided. 

S^j^^ in ancient times one of the most important and 
Chilly I 1 1 a, now by f ar t he greatest of the cities of Asia 
Minor, has preserved an unbroken continuity of record and 
identity of name from the first dawn of history to the present 
time. There are said to be five or six Smyrnas, one on top of 
the other. The beauty of the city when seen from the sea, 
clustering on the low ground and rising tier over tier on the 
hillside, is frequently praised by the ancients. The same im- 
pression still strikes the spectator and must in ancient times 



have been still stronger when magnificent buildings, an im- 
posing acropolis and the wide circle of massive walls combined 
with the natural scenery in one splendid picture. 

Smyrna claims to be the birth-place of Homer. Here Poly- 
carp, the first Bishop, was martyred, a. d. 169. The Byzantine 
Castle, from which there is a fine view, is on the site of the 
Acropolis, on Mount Pagus, and has in it many remains of 
antiquity; the corner nearest the city is Cyclopean, and the 
further walls were built by Lysander. 
A visit should be paid to the Greek 
Church, containing many carvings. 
Smyrna has now over 200,000 in- 
habitants and is the greatest empo- 
rium of trade and commerce in the 
Levant. The celebrated carpets, 
woven at Geurdiz, Coula and Ushak, 
in the interior, are exported from 
here, also meerschaum from Eski 
Shehr. 

The Turkish and Jewish quarters 
of the town and its bazaars are ex- 
tensive and picturesque. Remains 
of former grandeur still abound in 
the vicinity, especially at Ajazolu, 
the ancient Ephesus. The trip is 
made conveniently by rail. The 
excavations made here have been very successful and have 
brought to light many beautiful relics. 

Ephesus, the birth-place of Diana and capital of the Sara- 
cenic Sultans, was founded 1040 b. c, half swallowed by an 
earthquake, a. d. 17; and mostly a ruin since 527. St. Paul 
wrote his Epistle to the Church here, 64 a. d. 

(•onstantinofrie. £»£££* Z 

ancient Hellespont, which unites the JEge- 
an with the Sea of Marmara, is entered be- 
tween the castles and light-houses of Sedil 
Bahr and Kumkaleh, the former in Europe, 
the latter in Asict. This spot is replete with 
classic reminiscences. In the shallow bay behind Kumkaleh 
the Greek fleet landed at the beginning of the Trojan war, and 
not far inland is the place which Schliemann's excavations 
have shown to be the site of ancient Troy. The shores ap- 

24 




ORIENTAL BEAUTY. 




GATE OF THE SERASKIERAT. 




GALATA TOWER, CONSTANTINOPLE. 

Turkish Stamboul, lies on 



proach more and more, and soon the narrowest part of the 

strait is reached, guarded by two forts, Kilid-Bahr in Europe, 

and Chanak-Kalesi in Asia, the 
castles of the Dardanelles par 
excellence. The strait is famous 
in history for the passage of 
Xerxes and after him Alexander, 
by means of a bridge of boats. 
Nor is its name less widely known 
from the story of Hero and Lean- 
der, and from Lord Byron's suc- 
cessful attempt to rival the an- 
cient swimmer. Cape Abydos on 
the right, which faces Sestos on 
the European side, seems almost 
to close the strait, but soon the 
shores recede, the important town 
of Gallipoli is passed and the ship 
enters the sea of Marmara, the 
ancient Propontis. 

Constantinople proper, the 
the south side of the last and 

largest of the inlets which cut the western shore of the Bos- 

phorus. This inlet, the Golden Horn, forms a magnificent 

harbor, capable of floating over a 

thousand ships. The old city is 

connected by bridges with the 

modern towns of Galata and Pera 

on the north side, chiefly inhabited 

by Christians, the former being the 

seat of commercial establishments, 

the latter of diplomatic bodies. On 

the opposite side of the Bosphorus, 

in Asia, is the city of Scutari, the 

ancient Chrysopolis. The first point 

of attraction to be visited is the 

Galata Tower, where night and day 

a guard watches for the first sign of 

any conflagration that may break 

out in the city. The panorama it 

commands is of overwhelming 

beauty. Below are the two par- howling dervish, Constantinople. 

allel chains of city, embracing a hundred amphitheatres, of 

monuments and gardens, mosques, bazaars, kiosks, seraglios, 

25 





SWEET WATERS OF ASIA FOUNTAINS, 
CONSTANTINOPLE. 



and houses of an infinite variety of colors, and thousands of 
minarets with shining pinnacles rising into the sky. 

The most important of the buildings of Constantinople is the 
Mosque of St. Sophia or Aya Sophia Jamisi, which ranks as 
perhaps the finest example of Byzantine style. In striking 

contrast with the noble 
specimens of Gothic archi- 
tecture, it presents, from 
the outside, an unsym- 
metrical and dispropor- 
tionate appearance, but 
within the visitor cannot 
fail to be impressed by 
the bold span of the 
arches and the still bolder 
sweep of the dome, while 
the eye is at once be- 
wildered and charmed by 
the rich decoration. The 
first stone of St. Sophia, 
or the Church of Divine 
Wisdom, was laid in 502 by Emperor Justinian; ten thousand 
workmen are said to have been employed upon the work, 
which cost no less than $5,000,000. To add to its splendors, 
the temples of the ancient gods at Heliopolis and Ephesus, at 
Delos and Baalbec, at Athens and Cyzicus were plundered of 
their columns. 

There are about four hundred different mosques in Con- 
stantinople, the most remarkable of which besides the Sophia, 
is the Kutchuk Aya Sophia, 
the original model of the 
great church built for Jus- 
tinian. Here, according to 
Mahometan tradition, Mes- 
siah appeared among the 
worshipers. The Church of 
the Saviour, with the mon- 
astery of the Chora, is a gem 
of beauty still, even in its 
decay, rich with mosaic of 
the fourteenth century, of 
the purest and most refined 
style. The Mosque of Ahmed, light and graceful, its dome 
upheld by four enormous round pilasters, distinguished by six 

26 




ST. SOPHIA, CONSTANTINOPLE. 




DANCING DERVISHES, CONSTANTINOPLE. 

and crimes. Here it was where 
the Janissaries took place. The 



minarets, has the custody of the standard of the Prophet. 
The Mosque of Soliman, more a city in dimension than a 
temple, contains the inscription of Kani hissari. This mosque 

is higher even than St. 
Sophia, and its dome rests 
on four wonderful columns 
of rose granite. Besides, 
there is the light and cheer- 
ful Mosque of Mahamed, 
that of Bejazet, most ele- 
gant in form, that of Os- 
man, all of marble, and that 
of Shah Zade with the most 
graceful minarets. 

The Hippodrome (Et- 
Meidan) is the centre and 
focus of the city's life and 
the theatre of its festivities 
the fabulous hecatomb of 
serpentine column in the 
centre still bears the mark of the famous sabre-stroke of Ma- 
homet, the Conqueror. 

Other points of interest are the Museum of the Janissaries, 
the Seraglio Gardens, where the inclined plane may still be 
seen, by" which faithless odalisques were rolled into the sea, 
and the Sublime Porte ; the tower of the Seraskierat (War Of- 
fice), the tombs of the Sultans Mahmud and Abdul Aziz; the 
magnificent palace, or rather 
the imperial city of Dolma : 
Bagtche, the residence of the 
Sultans; the Great Wall be- 
gun by Theodosius, which 
protected the town towards the 
land side, the large cisterns, 
which are said to have fur- 
nished water for one million 
men during four months, and 
the Castle of the SevenTowers, 
of evil fame, recalling the worst 
epochs of tyranny of the Sul- 
tans. The 'Great Bazaar, that 
universal and perpetual fair, will well repay a prolonged visit. 
It contains innumerable shops, where all the different trades 
are carried on and almost everything useful or ornamental 

27 




MOSQUE OF AHMED, CONSTANTINOPLE. 



may be purchased. The endless rows of stalls along- each 
side of a covered street, where articles are often manufactured 
as well as sold, present a constant succession of novel scenes, 
and the motly throng of purchasers is extremely amusing. 
Sedate Turks, thin-bearded Arabs, melancholy-looking Ar- 
menians, swaggering Greeks, Dervishes in their peculiar dress, 
crowned with high caps, and many others are all crowded 
together, each driving his own bargain and betraying by his 
physiognomy and gestures, the characteristics of his calling, 
nation and habits. Constantinople can also boast of hospitals, 
almshouses, schools, colleges and public libraries, which sur- 
pass any now existing in other parts of the Mohammedan world. 

Scutari, with its beautiful cemeteries, should be visited, and 
Buyukdere, the glory of the Bosphorus. 

There are few places which excite the fancy of the traveler 
as Stamboul does. Every door, every tower, every mosque, 
every square, recalls some wonderful occurrence, or some car- 
nage, some love or mystery or prowess of a Padishah or caprice 
of a Sultana, every place has its legend and the surroundings 
concur to bear away the imagination. 

vAlUpvio^. Even the shortest sojourn in 
(S/H.llfcllo Greece will yield rich reward 
and contribute much towards a thorough com- 
prehension of a civilization from which modern 
life has still much to learn. The enjoyment 
of a visit is enhanced by the fine scenery, the 
deep blue water and clear, ethereal atmosphere. 
Upon round- 
arch of naukian, ing Cape Ko- 
athens. lonais the 

steamer holds a direct course 

for the Piraeus, the port of 

Athens. The barren hill 

visible on the mainland is 

the Hymettos ; soon the coast 

of Salamis appears and the 

steamer anchors in the bay 

of Piraeus, outside the mole. 

At this point a charming 

view of Athens is obtained 

with the Acropolis in the 

centre. A railway connects the Piraeus with Athens, which is 

reached in twenty minutes. A great deal may be accom- 

28 





THE OLYMP1EION AND THE ACROPOLIS, ATHENS. 




plished in Athens in a short time, as all the principal sights 
are within a short distance of each other. 

The centre of attraction, of course, is the magnificent Acro- 
polis with the Propylsea, the most important secular work in 

ancient Athens; the Temple 
of Athena, with its exquisite 
reliefs; the Parthenon, the 
most perfect monument of an- 
cient art, and even in ruins 
an imposing object; and the 
Erechteion with its celebrated 
Portico of the Caryatides. The 
Arch of Hadrian, an isolated 
gateway, leads to the quarter 
of the city containing the 
Olympieion, the huge temple 
the thelseion, Athens. of Zeus. The Stadion, the 

scene of the Panathenaean games, is said to have accom- 
modated 50,000 spectators. The Choragic Monument of Lysi- 
krates forms a beautiful little building, resembling a small 
circular temple, and popularly known as the Lantern of Pyog- 
enes. The Theatre of Dionysos is the spot where the master- 
pieces of ^Eschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes 
first excited delight and admiration. The Odeion of Herodes 
Atticus is the loftiest and most conspicuous among the ruins 
at the base of the Acro- 
polis. Opposite lies the 
rocky height, which both 
in ancient and modern 
times has borne the name 
of Aeropagus. 

The Tower of the Winds, 
erroneously so called, in 
ancient times accommod- 
ated a water-clock, a sun- 
dial and a weather-cock. 
The Theseion, the temple 
of Theseus, is the best 
preserved edifice of the 
whole of ancient Greece ; 
not far from it is the Hill of the Pnyx, with its huge artificial 
platform, and the Monument of Philopappos, whence a magni- 
ficent view of Athens and the Acropolis may be obtained. 
These comprise the principal remains of antiquity which the 

29 




THE PORTICO OF THE CARYATIDES, 
ERECHTEION, ATHENS. 



traveler will care to examine. Modern Athens is a handsome 
and regularly built town of about 85,000 inhabitants. In 1834, 
when the seat of government was transferred thither from Naup- 
lia, it had dwindled down to a poor village of about 300 houses. 

M.PSSirir\* Tlle ^ slanc ^ °f Sicily has a most delightful cli- 
1 VCOOHlCA ma t e , which in equability is only second to 
that of Madeira. The scenery is charming and its historical 
associations deeply interesting. The most ancient Hellenic 
and Roman traditions are connected with it ; here the destinies 
of Athens, Carthage and Rome have been decided and mediae- 
val characters as famous as Henry VI and Frederick II have 
ruled. There is not a nation which has materially influenced 
the destinies of European civilization but has left "traces of its 
agency on this island. 

Messina is, next to Palermo, the chief commercial town of 
Sicily, and vies with it in grandeur of scenery. Its harbor is 
the busiest in Italy and one of the best in the world. The city 
has experienced many vicissitudes, and, owing to numerous 
calamities sustained at the hand of man and from natural 
phenomena, it contains fewer relics of antiquity than other 
towns in Sicily. 

The Cathedral is an edifice of the Norman period, and dates 
from the eleventh century. The richly decorated High Altar 
is said to have cost nearly four 
million francs. Other churches of | ; ~~£ 

Norman origin are La Cattolica, . '■' #'" 

Sta. Annunziata dei Catalani and ; |b 

Sta. Maria Alemanna. In the ■ £v ; 

higher quarters of the town is 
the Church of San Gregorio, 
erected in 1542, with a late Re- 
naissance facade. It contains 
some old masters. The terrace 
in front commands a charming 
view of the town and the Straits 
of Messina. The spot once occu- 
pied by the Castle of the Mamer- 
tines is now the Villa Rocca Guel- 
fonia, and commands the best 
survey of Messina. Other points 
of interest are the dismantled 
forts of Castellaccio, the Fort Gonzaga and the Campo Santo. 
An excursion should be made to L'Abbadiazza, the interest- 

30 



. ■;■# 




>f a Norman nunnery dati 



from the twelfth 




mg rums 
century. 

On passing out of the Straits of Messina, Scilla (the ancient 
Scylla) is seen on the right, the location of the whirlpool, which 

was so much feared by the 
mariners of antiquity. Op- 
posite the Scylla, represent- 
ed in Homer's Odyssey as 
a roaring and voracious sea- 
monster — a beautiful virgin 
above, with a wolf's body 
and dolphin's tail below — 
was the Charybdis, fraught 
with equal danger. No trace 
of either can be found at 
present, except that the 
. currents and eddies in the 
^ «SKfete»! straits are still very strong. 
l'abbadiazza, messina. Qii the way to Palermo the 

steamer runs close to the Lipari Islands, which already at an 
early period supplied abundant food to the poetic fancy of the 
Greeks, whose legends make these islands the abode of ^Eolus. 

"Pr^lprtTin is the muitarv < judicial and ecclesi- 
\ GVlcl illU astical capital of the island, and has 
nearly a quarter of a million inhabitants. It is 
justly entitled to the epithet "la Felice" on ac- 
count of its magnificent situation and delightful 
climate. It is rich in interesting monuments of 
the earlv middle ages. 

The Palazzo 
Reale is of Sar- 
acenic origin, 
and has a magnificent chap- 
el, the Cappella Palatina. 
The Cathedral was erected 
in the twelfth century by 
Archbishop Walter of the 
Mill (Gualterio Off amilio), an 
Englishman, on the site of a 
more ancient church. The 
Church of La Martorana also 
dates from the twelfth cen- 
tury, and was formerly a 

3i 



campanile, 

PALERMO. 



r 


, ,. . . ... | 


'iter'" . , 


- •: • 4 

x , • i> f - mm ir— turn 

■•^4JBS 


it,* 


'Wm 


$m 



PALERMO AND MONTE PELLEGRINO. 




meeting place of the Sicilian Parliament after the expulsion 
of the house of Anjou. The Palazzo Sclafani contains a large 
fresco of the fifteenth cen- 
tury, the Triumph of Death. 
The Quarto Canti, a small 
octagonal piazza, is embel- 
lished with columns and 
statues of the seasons, 
Spanish kings and saints. 
The University is one of 
several principal seats of 
learning in Italy, and is 
attended by about 1,100 
students. The Porta Fe- 
lice, a tasteful baroque 
piazza del duomo, pacermo. edifice with fountains and 
statues, was begun in 1582. The Church of San Dominico, 
erected in 1640, can accommodate 12,000 people; it contains 
fine pictures and monuments. The National Museum is well 
worth a prolonged visit. A beautiful walk is afforded by the 
Marina, a quay, commanding fine views along the coast and 
as far as Mount ^Etna. At the southern end of the Marina is 
the Flora, one of the most charming gardens in Italy. Monte 
Pellegrino, an indescribably beautiful mass of rock, rises at 
the northwestern end of the Bay of Palermo; the ascent is easy 
and the view from the summit magnificent. 

"KT a"h| 00 ^ Passing the celebrated islands of Ischia and Capri, 
]• I the steamer casts anchor in the magnificent Bay 

of Naples, which from the most ancient times has been the ob- 
ject of enthusiastic admira- 
tion. 

Naples is the most popul- 
ous town in Italy (over 500,- 
000 inhabitants) and is annu- 
ally visited by thousands of 
strangers in quest of enjoy- 
ment or health. It lies at 
the base and on the slopes 
of several slight hills, ris- 
ing from the sea in amphi- 
theatre-like form. South of 
it appears, in isolated ma- naples and mount Vesuvius. 

jesty, Mount Vesuvius, with its active crater, the "Forge of 

32 




Vul< 



The plain around, as well as the slopes of Vesuvius, 
are luxuriantly fertile and 
one of the most densely- 
peopled districts in the 
world. 

Nature has bountifully 
lavisned her gifts on this 
favored spot, so bountifully 
indeed that the most power- 
ful nations, who have in 
succession been masters of 
the place, have here wasted 
their strength and energy 
orse, ox and donkey, and succumbed to its allur- 
Vedi Napoli e poi mori!" is a current saying 



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ing influence 
in Italy. 

An excursion from Naples 
along the north shore of the 
bay embraces a visit to Poz- 
zuoli, Baiae, Misenum and 
Cumse. This district has 
from time immemorial been 
a scene of tremendous vol- 
canic activity, and has un- 
dergone vast changes, but it 
is scarcely less interesting in 
an historical point of view, 
for the legends of Hellenic 
tradition are most intimately 
associated with this coast. 




A 




HOUSE OF MARCUS ANTONIUS, POMPEII. 

visit should be made to the 
charming islands of Procida 
and Ischia. These lovely 
islands have attracted nu- 
merous visitors in all ages, 
and their influence is as 
fascinating as ever ; the clim- 
ate is genial and the soil ex- 
tremely productive, while 
the scenery is almost every- 
where singularly beautiful. 
The ascent of Mount Ve- 
suvius is unquestionably an 
excursion of extreme inter- 
est; it can be accomplished 




THE BLUE GROTTO, CAPRI. 



with ease by means of a cable railway. A visit to the excavated 
cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii will summon up a picture of 
ancient domestic life, these places being the most important 
and almost the only sources of our acquaintance with it. 

The places of interest on 
the south side of the bay are 
Castellamare, Sorrento and 
the Island of Capri. Castel- 
lamare is a favorite sum- 
mer resort of the Neapoli- 
tans ; from here a beautiful 
road leads to Sorrento, 
charmingly situated amid 
luxuriant lemon and orange 
gardens on rocks rising pre- 
cipitously from the sea. 
One whole day at least 
should be given to the Is- 
land of Capri, with its celebrated "Blue Grotto." The Bay of 
Salerno to the south of the Bay of Naples cannot indeed compete 
'with it, but it is nevertheless replete with beauty and grandeur. 
Here are situated the towns of Salerno and Amal- 
fi, conspicuous in the pages of mediaeval history, 
while farther south are the temples of Psestum 
which recall the golden period of Greek his- 
tory and art more forcibly than any other local- 
ity in Italy. 

The distance by rail from Naples to Rome is 
only five hours, so that excursionists can visit 
the Eternal City with ease. 

It would take too long even to mention only 
the sights of Rome; suffice it to repeat the 
words of Niebuhr, "As the streams lose them- 
selves in the mightier ocean, so the history of 
once distributed along the Mediterranean shores : 
in that of the mighty Mistress of the World." 




the peoples 
is absorbed 



The steamer, after leaving Naples, again calls at Genoa to 
land passengers who wish to prolong their stay in Europe. To 
such the Hamburg-American Line extends the privilege of 
returning to the United States by any one of the company's 
express steamers from Hamburg or Southampton, up to 
August i, 1895. 

34 



MEDITERRANEAN EXPRESS SERVICE 

fron\ New York to (Ponta Deigada) Gibraltar, Algiers, 
Naples arid Ger\oa. 







DURING the winter months the magnificent twin-screw 
steamers of the Hamburg-American Link maintain an 
express service between the United States and the Mediter- 
ranean, sailing from New York to Gibraltar, Algiers, Naples 
and Genoa. Some of the steamers also touch at Ponta Deigada 
on San Miguel, one of the Azores Islands. The sailings alter- 
nate with those of the 
North German Lloyd 
steamers. By this 
route passengers 
avoid the rigors of 
the North Atlantic 
in winter and can 
reach all parts of 
Spain and Portugal, 
Southern France, 
Italy, Switzerland, 
and Tyrol, as well as 
North Africa and the 
Orient, with safety, 
speed and comfort. 

The route to Gib- main saloon, first cabin. 

raltar is south of the latitude of New York, Gibraltar being lat. 
36° 6' 30" N., and the distance is not much greater than that to 
Southampton. For passengers going to southern Europe, this 
direct route offers many advantages, as it avoids the necessity 
of crossing the Channel and saves the trouble and expense of 
a long railway journey across Europe. 

GIBRALTAR. For description see pages 10-11. 

Across the bay from Gibraltar, and connected with it by a 
regular ferry service, lies Algeciras, the terminus of the rail- 
way system of Spain. From here a few hours' ride brings pas- 
sengers to Se villa and Granada, the most interesting towns in 
Andalusia, and to Cadiz and Malaga, whence all parts of Spain 
and Portugal can be conveniently reached. 

Steamers leave Gibraltar for Tangier every Monday, Wednes- 
day, Thursday, and Saturday at noon, returning the next day. 

35 




ALGIERS is reached on the following day. Algiers has 
railroad connection with Tunis, to the east, Tlemcen on the 
Morocco frontier to the west, and Biskra on the borders of the 
Sahara to the south. The steamers of the Transatlantic Co. 
leave Algiers for Marseilles on Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday 
and Saturday, the time of passage being 24 hours ; the same 
line maintains a coastline service eastward as far as Tunis and 
westward to Oran, whence connection is made for Malaga and 
Carthagena. For description of Algiers see pages 11-13. 

The steamer next proceeds to 

NAPLES, the passage occupying about thirty-six hours. 
The number of interesting points to be visited in Naples and 

vicinity is almost un- 
limited. 

From Naples the 
railway takes pas- 
sengers in five hours 
to Rome, the "Mis- 
tress of the World," 
with its countless 
treasures of art. 

Brindisi can be 
reached in a little over 
ten hours ; from here 
the Peninsular and 
Oriental steamers 
start for India, via the 
ladies' reception room. Suez Canal, upon ar- 

rival of the "Indian Mail" train from London. 

Naples has frequent steamboat connections with Messina, 
Palermo and other points in Sicily, but Messina can also be 
reached via Reggio, which has direct railway connection with 
Naples. Alexandria can be reached from Naples in 4^ days. 

GENOA, the terminus of the line, is reached the following day. 
This is the most convenient starting-point for all the health 
resorts of the Riviera, viz., Pegli, San Remo, Bordighera, 
Mentone, Monaco, Nice, Antibes, Cannes, Frejus, Hyeres, etc. 
Marseilles is only about thirteen hours distant, whence many 
interesting excursions may be made to the venerable cities 
of the Provence, abounding in remains of Roman antiquity. 
A direct line runs from here to Toulouse, the ancient capital 
of Languedoc, whence all parts of the Pyrenees and the spas 
of Bagneres-de-Bigorre, Bagneres-de-Luchon, Eaux-Bonnes, 

36 







Eaux-Chaudes, as well as Pan, are within easy reach. Steam- 
ers leave Marseilles for Algiers every Monday, Wednesday, 
Thursday and Saturday. 

From "Genoa travelers can take the Montcenis Tunnel route 
for Aix-les-Bains, Geneva, Lyons, etc., while by the Gotthard 
Tunnel line they can reach the heart of Switzerland within 
half a day. The Italian lakes, whose incomparable beauty has 
been extolled by countless poets and writers since the time of 
Virgil, are only a few hours distant from Genoa; and the his- 
torical cities of Upper Italy and Tuscany — Turin, Milan, Ver- 
ona, Padua, Venice, Pavia, Cremona, Mantua, Parma, Modena, 
Bologna, Pisa, Siena, Leghorn and Florence — containing in- 
numerable treasures of the most perfect creations of genius, are 
also within convenient reach. One of the most delightful trips 
in Europe is from , . ,. _. _-..._-.„_ 

Genoa via the Ital- L ^ . . -*-.. .'" .-. ** .,•*-"." ■ 

ian Lakes over the [ ■">■&*. ,.J ■■.. iS5tfe 
Stelvio pass into the 
Tyrol. The varied 
beauty of scenery 
along this route is 
generally acknowl- 
edged to have no 
superior anywhere. 

For further de- 
scription of Naples 
and Genoa see pages 
'3- J 5 and 32-34. 

Returning, the 
Hamburg- American mus,c room - 

Steamers leave Genoa (calling at times at Naples, Algiers 
and Ponta Delgada) via Gibraltar for New York, and, there- 
fore, accommodate Americans desiring to sail from Italy direct 
for the United States. 

Besides this express steamer service, the Hamburg-Ameri- 
can Line, in connection with the North German Lloyd, main- 
tains a REGULAR SERVICE between New York, Gibral- 
tar and Naples. 

The time of passage from New York to Naples is about 
fourteen days. These steamers offer good cabin accommoda- 
tion at moderate rates. 




37 



EXPRESS SERVICE TO ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT, 

DIRECT, 

via Gibraltar, Algiers arid Ger^oa. 



THE twin-screw express steamer Normannia, Capt. Barends, 
will leave New York on January 5, 1895, for Alexandria, 
Egypt, touching at Gibraltar, Algiers and Genoa, thus accom- 
modating the large and constantly increasing American winter 
travel to Egypt, Palestine, etc., and offering unusual facilities 
for reaching these countries. 




TWIN-SCREW EXPRESS STEAMER. 

The trip from New York to Alexandria will occupy only four- 
teen days, so that passengers may be transferred within the 
short space of two weeks from the metropolis of the New World 
to the cradle of the Old World, or, indeed, to the fountain-head 
of human culture, aboard one of the finest steamers afloat, 
without change, and with absolute safety, the greatest speed 
and unsurpassed comfort. 

For further description of Alexandria and Egypt, see 
pages ij-22. 

List of Prices to Gibraltar, Algiers, Naples, Genoa and 
Alexandria, diagrams of steamers and all further infor- 
mation will be sent to any address, on application . 

38 



THE HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE'S 



MAGNIFICENT 



TWIN=SCREW EXPRESS STEAMERS 

Hilgusta-Yictoria, Columbia, Ftlrst Bisn\arcK 
ar)d Nornqaririia, 

OK I3-i6,ocx) HORSE-POWER, ARE AMONG THE FINEST, 
LARGEST AND FASTEST SHIPS AFLOAT. 



SAFETY. 

NO EXPENSE has been spared to make these ships as safe 
as human foresight can secure. They are practically un- 
sinkable, being divided by a longitudinal bulk-head into two 
non-communicating halves, each fully equipped with a com- 
plete set of machin- 
ery, shaft and screw, 
capable of propelling 
the ship at a high 
rate of speed. This 
is the great principle 
of the twin - screw 
system, and the extra- 
ordinary degree of 
safety secured by this 
system is obvious, 
for an accident to one 
side of the ship can 
in nowise affect the 
other, whose machin- 
ery will continue to 
work and propel the s 
of speed. 

The steamers also have a double bottom, divided into water- 
tight chambers. Each side of the ship is again subdivided 
into numerous water-tight compartments which do not com- 
municate with each other. 

These steamers do not carry cotton. 

39 




SMOKING ROOM. 



hip with perfect ease, and at a high rate 



SPEED. 

These steamers must be counted among the fastest ships 
afloat, the line holding the record for fastest time from New 
York to Southampton (London) and the Continent. The best 
time accomplished on the Southampton route was 6 days 10 
hours and 45 minutes, which is equal to 5 days iS hours from 
New York to Queenstown, Southampton being about 300 miles 
east from Queenstown. The best average for the whole trip 
was 20.60 knots or over 23 statute miles per hour. 

COriFORT. 

The comfort and elegance displayed on these steamers are 
unsurpassed. The large and luxurious saloons, the ladies' 
boudoirs, the music and smoking-rooms and the state-rooms 
generally are fitted up in magnificent style, the best European 
artists having been retained to design, decorate and furnish 
them. It has been the aim of the Company to relieve passen- 
gers of all annoyances which were heretofore considered in- 
separable from a sea voyage, and provide for them the same 
accommodations that can be obtained in a first class hotel. 
Among the many improvements contributing to the passengers' 
comfort will be found larger and more commodious state-rooms, 
with most luxurious toilet conveniences and large beds, thor- 
ough methods of ventilation, ample deck-room for exercise, 
spacious dining-saloons, ladies' saloon on the promenade deck, 
also a large music-room, the absence of all offensive odors or 
noises, and a complete and first-class service throughout. The 
state-rooms are all of large size, airy and comfortable ; some of 
them are furnished in the style of chambres de luxe and others 
with private bath-room attached. All state-rooms are provided 
with electric bells, wardrobe and other conveniences. Berths 
and sofas are large and comfortable, so that a whole family 
often finds accommodation in one room. A number of state- 
rooms are also arranged e7i suite. In many rooms the lower 
berth can be extended to form a double berth, while the upper 
berth can be removed. 

There is no overcrowding on these steamers, the number 
of passengers being limited to the seating capacity of the saloons. 

For further description of steamers see special pamphlet, 
which will be sent to any address o?i application. 

HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE, 

37 Broadway, New York; 125 La Salle St., Chicago, HI. 

40 



Established /S47. 

The flaiDbiJftj-fliDericap Lipe. 

HAMBURG= AMERICAN PACKET COHPANY.) 

This is the oldest German Transatlantic Line. It has for- 
warded over two million passengers. Its fleet consists of sixty 
large ocean steamers, which are unsurpassed as to 
SAFETY, SPEED AND COMFORT. 

TWIN-SCREW EXPRESS STEAMERS, 

of 13,000-16,000 horse-power: 

Augusta-Victoria, Columbia, 

Fiirst FJistnarcl< t Normannia. 





REGULAR 


MAIL STEAMERS: 


Albingia, 


Dania, 


Italia, 


Saxon ia, 


Allemannia, 


Europa, 


Kehrwieder, 


Scandia, 


Ascania, 


Blandria, 


Markomannia, 


Slavonia, 


A ust r alia, 


Brancia, 


Moravia, 


Steinhojt, 


Baumwall, 


Galicia, 


Bersia, 


Stubbenhitk, 


Bavaria, 


Gellert, 


Bickhuben, 


Snevia, 


Bohemia, 


Gothia, 


Bolaria, 


Tentonia, 


Borussia, 


Grasbrook, 


Bolynesia, 


Jhuringia, 


California, 


Grimm, 


Brussia, 


Valesia, 


Cher uskia, 


Helvetia. 


Rhaetia, 


Venetia, 


Colonia, 


Holsatia, 


Rhenania, 


Virginia, 


Cremon, 


Hungaria, 


Rugia, 


Wandrahm, 


Croatia, 


India. 


Russia, 


Wieland, etc. 



With these steamers the Hamburg=American Packet Line operates the 

EXPRESS SERVICE between New York, Southampton and Hamburg. 
REGULAR SERVICE from New York to Hamburg direct, and from 

Hamburg via Havre to New York. 
MEDITERRANEAN EXPRESS LINE, New York, Gibraltar, Algiers, 

Naples and Genoa. 
REGULAR ITALIAN LINE, New York, Gibraltar, Naples. 
BALTIC LINE, between New York and Stettin. 
HAMBURG and ANTWERP-QUEBEC and MONTREAL LINE. 
HAMBURG-BALTIMORE LINE. 
HAMBURG-PHILADELPHIA LINE. 
HAMBURG-BOSTON LINE. 

HAMBURG-ST THOMAS-VENEZUELA LINE. 
HAMBURG-PORTO RICO-COLUMBIA LINE. 
HAMBURG-ASPINWALL LINE. 
HAMBURG-HAYTI LINE. 
HAMBURG-HAVANA LINE. 
HAMBURG-MEXICO-NEW ORLEANS LINE. 

And two INTERCOLONIAL LINES from St. Thomas. 

SOUTH PUB. CO., ENGRAVERS A PRINTERS, 22 COLLEGE PL.. H. \. 




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